A wall charger will usually charge faster than a USB charger because it has more current capacity, but there is no difference in the charge put into the BlackBerry. To your specific question, "does a BlackBerry last longer when charged by a wall charger than by a USB port?", the answer is no. Assuming you let the BlackBerry fully charge, the battery will discharge at the same rate.
Posted from my CrackBerry at wapforums.crackberry.com