Chaz is right ... BlackBerry Professional Server (or BES Small Business) max is 30 phones/users. It might be a good way, but will provide no future upgrade capability without upgrading to BES.
1. It can be run on an existing server, and is fairly easy to integrate with an e-mail server such as Exchange (provided that box is on the same network). BES doesn't seem to be a resource hog, either..
2. Software from RIM,
BPS/BES SB or
BES
3. Just the cost of the phones, and any "support" agreements you set up with the software (first year comes with at least 1 free).
4&5. Honestly, not my specialty; I run everything (Exchange and BES) inside.