There is similar issue that can occur on the 8330 with v4.3xx software. In their case, it is opposite of your fault. Callers can hear them, but they do not hear the other party.
It has been diagnosed as a failure to release the speaker after certain non-BlackBerry audio files are interrupted. Voice Activated Dialing will free up the speaker quickly.
Try that on yours. If it works, you can consider upgrading your device OS to v4.5xx and correct the problem.